How Does Disc Degeneration Develop?As the disc wears down, the gel-like nucleus pulposus loses moisture, leading to a decrease in disc height and potentially causing:
- Facet joint syndrome (osteoarthritis of the spinal joints)
- Lateral foraminal stenosis (narrowing of the openings for spinal nerve roots)
In addition, degenerative changes make the outer fibrous ring more brittle, increasing the risk of cracks and tears that can lead to disc protrusions and herniations. A bulging or herniated disc often compresses spinal nerves, causing sharp pain and radiculopathy.
Damaged intervertebral discs rarely heal, as they remain under pressure even at rest. Decompression—reducing pressure within the disc—is considered the optimal condition for disc recovery.